事实因果关系不明侵权中比例因果关系的确定

事实因果关系不明的侵权,意味着被告行为是否是原告特定损害的事实上原因,无法得到符合标准要求的证明,因此具体因果关系的认定非常困难。比例因果关系用以确定致害因素与特定损害结果之间的可能性联系及其比值,具有推定性和评价性特点,是解决这类侵权责任承担问题的技术工具和关键因素。比例因果关系的确定需经过一般因果关系的确定和与个案具体情况的比对这两个步骤,其"比例"数额的确定是在综合考虑各种事实因素和酌定因素的基础上,参考有关数据进行的综合评价,用于恰当分配被告的责任。比例因果关系是法律思维从确定化向灵活性转变的产物,具有相当程度的可接受性。

On the Determination of Proportional Causation in Torts with Uncertain Actual Causation

Torts with uncertain actual causation means that whether the defendant’s action in fact causes the plaintiff’s damage is unable to be proved by the evidence which meets the standard of proof,so it is very difficult to determine the specific causation. Proportional causation is used to determine the possible relationship between the factors for damage caused by and the result of damage and the ratio of their causal forces,and it has the characteristics of inference and evaluation,and is a technical tool and key factor to solve the tort liability problems of this kind of torts. The determination of proportional causation needs to go through two steps: the determination of general causation and the comparison with the specific situation of the case.The determination of the ratio amount is based on the comprehensive evaluation with reference to the relevant data on the basis of comprehensive consideration of various factual and discretionary factors,which is used for the proper distribution of the liability of the defendant. Proportional causation is the product of the transformation of legal thinking from certainty to flexibility,and has a considerable degree of acceptability.