Smartphone Image Acquisition During Postmortem Monocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy |
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Authors: | Patrick E. Lantz M.D. Candace H. Schoppe M.D. Kirk L. Thibault Ph.D. William T. Porter C.C.S.I. |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston‐Salem, NC;2. Institute of Forensic Sciences, Dallas, TX;3. Thibault Scientific, LLC, Wayne, PA;4. New York Police Department, New York, NY |
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Abstract: | The medical usefulness of smartphones continues to evolve as third‐party applications exploit and expand on the smartphones’ interface and capabilities. This technical report describes smartphone still‐image capture techniques and video‐sequence recording capabilities during postmortem monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy. Using these devices and techniques, practitioners can create photographic documentation of fundal findings, clinically and at autopsy, without the expense of a retinal camera. Smartphone image acquisition of fundal abnormalities can promote ophthalmological telemedicine—especially in regions or countries with limited resources—and facilitate prompt, accurate, and unbiased documentation of retinal hemorrhages in infants and young children. |
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Keywords: | forensic science fundoscopy postmortem monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy retinal hemorrhages abusive head trauma smartphone telemedicine |
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