论未经授权使用银行卡的损失负担

银行卡格式合同中约定损失负担的条款不具有效力，未经授权使用银行卡直接侵犯的是发卡银行的财产权，应当由银行依据相应的请求权进行索赔；法律只需规定发卡银行与持卡人之间的损失负担，其他当事人之间的责任由其各自之间的合同予以解决；在发卡银行尽到注意义务的前提下，持卡人应承担一定限额的责任，并以持卡人是否将风险的存在及时通知发卡银行为标准，将限额责任划分不同的等级；持卡人除承担限额责任外，还应对构成侵权的行为向发卡银行承担侵权责任。

On Burden of Loss Caused by Unauthorized Use of Bank Card

The terms concerning burden of loss in the bank card format contract are not valid, and what the unauthorized use of bank card directly invades is the property of the issuing bank, thereby it is the bank who shall claim for compensation in accordance with corresponding right of claim. The law only needs to regulate burden of loss between the issuing bank and the cardholder while the other parties divide their respective liabilities in accordance with the contracts between them. On the premise that the issuing bank has exercised the duty of care, the cardholder must take a certain limitation of liability, and grades the limitation of liability into different levels by the standard whether the cardholder has informed the issuing bank of the risk. In addition to the limitation of liability, the cardholder should also take the liability for his infringement behavior to the issuing bank.