谦抑、民主、责任与法治——对中国立法理念的重思

立法理念是立法活动所必须遵守的最基本的程序或制度约束，而非立法主体在立法时所要追求的价值目标和理想。现代立法的制度设计者必须认真考虑立法权的范围和限度、立法权的归属和行使方式、立法权不当行使的责任、以适当的法律约束立法权等四个基本问题。与此相对应的四种立法理念是谦抑、民主、责任、法治，因此，阐释这四种立法理念的内涵，特别是重点讨论这些立法理念转化为立法实践的可能途径，对于立法实践将具有重要的现实意义。

Moderation,Democracy,Responsibility and Rule of Law——Reconsideration on Ideals of Legislation in China

Ideals of legislation are not the values or goals in all kinds of legislations,but the basic procedural and institutional constraints in all kinds of legislative activities.The legislators should deliberate the following questions: the scope and limits of legislative power,attribution and way of exerting legislative power,responsibility of abusing legislative power,and how to restrain legislative power.The responding ideals in the above mentioned fields are moderation,democracy,responsibility and rule of law.This article will be very inportant to define the meanings of those ideals,and particularly to deal with the possible approaches to legislative practice for them.