论侦查构造中的裁判者

侦查阶段同刑事审判阶段一样,也存在对立的双方:控方和辩方。在侦查构造的控辩双方中必须要有一个中立的裁判者。法院作为侦查构造中的裁判方会产生对案件的实质审查,导致“先定后审”;由检察机关来担负侦查构造中中立者的角色,与检察机关作为法律监督机关的定位是一致的。但是,由于检察机关的权力重叠、角色冲突,作为侦查构造的裁判者角色也有一定的障碍。因而必须改革检察机关的职权,确立检察机关只行使监督权,其侦查权划归其他部门隶属。检察机关通过行使对侦查活动的在场权、建议权、评判权、处罚权、司法审查权和消极侦查权等来实现对侦查机关的监督,从而成为侦查构造中的中立者、裁判者。

On Judges in Investigative Structure

Like criminal trial stage,investigative stage has two opposite parts:accuser and defender,thus it's necessary to find a neutral part to judge their confrontation.This paper analyzes the reason why courts can't be this neutral part and points out that procuratorial organs can play this role because of their legal supervision nature.However,some problems such as overlapping powers and conflicting roles of procuratorial organs will create obstacles in their judgment,so their powers and authorities must be reformed so as to make them a neutral part and judge in investigative structure.