来华留学生教育治理:困境、模式与出路

近70年来,来华留学生教育制度发展历经了政府直接干预到走向规则治理的历史转型,但仍面临立法和实践背离社会政策功能、高校自主权有待提升以及粗放发展模式下的监督和问责制度供给不足等现实困境。完善来华留学生教育治理,可借鉴元治理理论,在框定政府与高校各自作用的基础上,构建以分权和监督为核心的权责配置制度。具体而言,应坚持社会公共政策和人权保障原则,健全分权、自治、监督和问责机制;以社会政策功能为指引纠正现行规章和实践中存在的偏差,扩大高校招生自主权,构建留学生培养全过程监督制度,坚持趋同管理和权利保障相结合,改革政府奖学金年度评审规则,落实留学生教育问责机制。

EducationalGovernance for Foreign Students in China:Problems,Mode and Resolutions

In the past 70 years, the development of the education system for foreign students in China has undergone the historical transformation from the mode of direct government intervention to rule governance, but it still faces some practical difficulties such as legislation and practice deviating from the function of social policy, the autonomy of universities needs to be improved, and the insufficient supply of supervision and accountability system under the extensive development mode. To improve the educational governance of foreign students in China, we can use the theory of meta-governance for reference, and on the basis of framing the respective roles of the government and universities, construct a power-responsibility allocation system with decentralization and supervision as the core.To be specific, social and public policies and principles of human rights protection should be adhered to, and mechanisms of decentralization, autonomy, supervision and accountability should be improved. Guided by the function of social policies, the current regulations and practices should be corrected to ensure that universities exercise substantive autonomy in the recruitment of foreign students, establish a supervision system for the whole process of foreign students education, standardize the internal governance of foreign students education in universities, and implement the accountability mechanism for foreign students education.