党的领导写入 1982 年宪法的历史回顾与新期待

1982年宪法制定时,对于是否要写党的领导,在政治、思想领域曾经有激烈的交锋,因为邓小平的决断,党的领导最终由全国人大会议通过写入宪法.而在宪法中如何写党的领导,也经过了反复考虑的过程.彭真认为,在党的威信下降,党的领导受到怀疑和反对的情况下,就不能将党的领导写成一种主张,只有阐述党在20世纪领导中国人民所做的几件大事,才能寓理于实,统一思想.但由于以写历史代替写主张,又导致序言中党的领导缺乏确定的内涵,即便参与立宪的先贤们对其中的诸多问题在认识上也存在模糊和不统一的情况.不久前,中央公布制定党内法规五年规划纲要,决定以制定党内法规的形式将党的领导的各类事项予以制度化,这是落实1982年宪法中党的领导的重大措施,给人以新的期待.

A Historical Review and New Expectation on the Party＇s Leadership in the 1982 Constitution

When the 1982 Constitution was enacted, as to whether to include the Party＇s leadership, there was intense confrontation in the political and ideological fields. Due to Deng Xiaoping＇ s decision, the inclusion of the Party＇ s leadership was eventually adopted by the National People＇ s Congress. The wording of the Party＇ s leadership was also mulled over. Peng Zhen believed that under the situation where the Party＇ s prestige decli- ning and its leadership being suspected and opposed, the Party＇ s leadership cannot be written as an advocate. Only depicting the major events the Party had led the Chinese people to accomplish in the 20th century should we describe the leadership by facts so as to seek unity in the ideological realm~ But to write history instead of advocacy will result in the lack of content of the Party＇ s leadership in the Preamble of the Constitution. Even for those pioneers who participated the enactment of the Constitution, there were vague and inconsistent understandings Not long ago, the central government announced the Party ＇ s 5-year plan of regulations outline which determines to regulate the Party＇ s leadership thru inner-Party regulations. This significant measure implemen- ting the 1982 Constitution poses a new expectation.