论宅基地使用权性质

宅基地使用权是宅基地使用权人依法享有的占有、使用农村集体土地建造住宅和附属设施并长期保有的权利。国内对宅基地使用权性质的认识有着不同学说，但要结合我国土地政策和现实农村经济社会发展之现实进行认识。宅基地使用权是一种准所有权，是物权效力十分强大的他物权，其类似于自物权。尽管《物权法》将宅基地使用权定性为用益物权，但是我国立法文本中的用益物权与大陆法系立法上的用益物权存在本质的差异。公共利益对土地及相关权利结构的设计不具有决定性，不能否定宅基地使用权的私权属性。

On the Nature of Right to Use Residential Land

Right to use residential land is a long - term retained legitimate fight of the person who has the fight to use residential land on legal possession, on legal use of rural collective land and on legal construction of resi- dential house and other ancillary facilities. There are various theories on the nature of right to use residential land in mainland China, but we need to understand it on the combination of the land policy of China and the status of economic and social development in rural areas. The right to use residential land is a quasi fight of ownership ,and a ＂Jura in re Aliana＂ ,similar to ＂jus in re propria＂ ,which is a powerful real right. Though the Real Right Law of PRC defines the fight to use residential land as an usufructuary right, there exists difference in the nature of usufructuary fight in the legislative text of China and the one in the Continental Law System. Public interest is not decisive to the design of land and relative right structure, therefore, it cannot negate the nature of private fight in the fight to use residential land.