论优先权性质的界定及其价值

优先权是指特定债权人基于法律的直接规定而享有的就债务人的总财产或者特定动产、不动产的价值优先受偿的权利.对优先权定性不能仅仅从某一方面或某些方面为之,无论是从优先权的起源、历史沿革、各个国家对该权利的立法态度及目前该权利适用的情况等方面考察,还是从优先权与抵押权、质权和留置权等担保物权相比较分析,及对该权利的价值基础、制度功能等方面进行研究,均可得出优先权是担保物权的结论.科学界定优先权的性质,对于我国建立统一、完善的优先权制度具有重大的理论价值,是解决相关理论困境的基点、我国优先权制度设计的基础及司法实践中解决权利冲突的标尺.

On the Nature and Value of Priority Right

Priority refers to the rights enjoyed by the specific creditor basing on direct legal provisions, and the creditor has priority in compensation on the value of the debtor＇ s total property or specific movable and immov- able property. The qualitative of priority cannot be identified only from one aspect or certain aspects. It is can be concluded that priority is the guarantee real, whether to review from the perspective of privilege origin, his- torical evolution, legislation attitude and the right applicable in every country and other aspects, or to compare and analyze from the priority and hypothec, mortgage and lien and other real right for security or to research on the value basis, system function and other aspects. The scientific definition of the nature of priority has great theoretical value for our country to establish a unified, perfect priority system. It is the basis of settlement of theory dilemma and our priority system design, and it is also the rod of solving conflict of rights in judicial practice.