论不真正连带债务--一种方法论的思考

不真正连带债务是德国概念法学抽象化、体系化法律思维方式的产物,对把握法规范间的关联、避免个案公正与法秩序整体的矛盾,将处理不真正连带债务纠纷的具体的、零散的法规范整合于法规范整体之中、形成法体系有机整体中的一环具有积极的作用.但其构成要件和法效果没有涉及各债务人之间的利益关系,在用概念逻辑推演、逻辑必然性计算的逻辑三段论法律适用方法将其适用于个案纠纷处理时,存在构成要件和法效果过度抽象之嫌.为克服概念法学法概念与其所蕴藏的法律价值法律原则相背离之弊,还法律这个评价性事物的本来面目,需引入以价值导向为基础的类型化思考.以价值导向为基础的类型化思考所塑造的不真正连带债务类型,其类型特征要素仅具例示性、象征性而非缺一不可,它们可以以该类型的规范价值为基础、以强弱程度不同的方式结成一个整体,只要与类型的"整体形象"相符,就可归属于该类型之下.在法律适用时,应该以该类型的规范价值为基础,将个案事实的具体特征与形成类型"整体形象"的要素特征结合起来并予以具体化,形成完整的、具体的、确定的处理该个案纠纷的法规则并予以适用.

On Unechte Gesamtschulden

Unechte Gesamtschulden is the production of abstraction and systematization of German legal concepts. It plays a positive role in grasping the connection of legal norms, refraining from the contradiction between the individual case justice and overall legal order, and forming an organic legal system. However, the constitutive requirements and legal effects of Unechte Gesamtschulden do not involve the interest relationship among the debtors and are excessively abstract in applying the conceptual logical reasoning and logical necessity calculation in individual case. In order to avoid the contradictions between the legal concepts of conceptualist jurisprudence and legal principles of legal value, reappear original appearance of law, the typological thinking basing on the value orientation should be introduced. The typical features of Unechte Desamtschulden are only demonstrative and symbolic and they can be combined into an organic whole in different ways on the basis of typological thinking. Provided conforming to the whole appearance, it can be classified into such category. In the application of law, the concrete fact characteristics of individual case should be particularly connected with the whole appearance of its category and form into integrated, particular and definite legal norms to settle the individual dispute.