论马克思劳动伦理思想中的道德批判与政治经济学批判

马克思以“批判”代替“道德说教”的方式来建构其理论版图,道德批判和政治经济学批判构成了其劳动伦理思想的双重向度。马克思一方面用宗教批判及法哲学批判的方式完成了对道德层面与实践层面的再次反转,另一方面从宗教和道德批判入手,进而延伸到政治经济学,实现了对资本主义的科学批判。道德批判作为政治经济学批判的起始点和内在意蕴,自始至终都体现了历史唯物主义的基本立场,政治经济学批判下的伦理指向亦是如此。二者所指向的目标都是实现人的自由与解放,具有高度的内在一致性。马克思因批判维度的转换而将其劳动伦理思想推向了更深刻、更全面、更丰富的论证阶段。

On Moral Criticism and Political Economy Criticism in Marx's Thoughts on Labor Ethics

Marx constructed his theoretical framework by using "criticism" rather than "moral preaching", whilst moral criticism and political economy criticism constitute the dual dimensions of his labor ethics. On the one hand, Marx employed religious and legal philosophical criticisms to complete the reversal of the moral and practical levels. On the other hand, starting from religious and moral criticism, and extending to political economy, Marx achieved a scientifi c criticism on capitalism. Moral criticism, as the starting point and intrinsic connotation of political criticism, refl ects the basic standpoint of historical materialism throughout, so is the ethical direction under political economy criticism. The goals pointed to by both theories are to achieve human freedom and liberation and are of a high degree of internal consistency. Through the transformation of the dimension of criticism, Marx pushed his thoughts on labor ethics to a deeper, more comprehensive and ampler stage of argumentation.