农村聚居点环境污染特征及其成因分析——基于中国农村饮用水与环境卫生现状调查

通过中国农村饮用水与环境卫生现状调查,可以发现中国农村聚居点除环境污染较严重外,污染状况还呈现以下三方面特征:农村水、渣产生量与经济发展水平正相关,但造成污染的情况却不一定;农村环境管理状况与经济发展水平正相关;相关基础设施建设与经济发展水平正相关.、从这些特征出发分析,农村聚居点环境污染的制度成因既存于城乡二元制,也在于这类污染在防治上表现出的特殊性。为此,应明确县乡政府和村集体的事权,落实有关财权;按生产、生活、生态统筹的原则抓好规划;建立相关财政资金使用"自下而上"的决策机制和多元化的农村环境公共服务供给机制。

Characteristics of Pollution in Rural Habitats and Analysis on Causation

In accordance with the data obtained in the Survey of Drinking Water and Environmental Hygiene in Rural China,the increasing environmental pollution in the rural habitats is identified and three aspects of the characteristics are highlighted :the quantity of sewage water and waste generated in daily life is positively correlated with the level of economic development,although the severity of pollution is more complicated; the soundness of environmental management also has a positive correlation with the level of economic development; and so does the construction of basic environmental infrastructure.Based on these findings,the following conclusion is reached :the pollution of rural habitats roots both in the bi -dimensional structure of society and the particularity of pollution control and management.As a result,the responsibilities of governmental departments,both at county level and ur- ban level,should be specified and corresponding budgets should be arranged.Development plan aiming to coordi- nate demands for production,living and ecosystem protection should be further emphasized.Finally,diverse public service systems concerning rural environments should be established.The environment service system should have the from-bottom -to -top decision-making mechanism in budget allocation.