《民法典（草案）》的土地经营权规定应实质性修改

“三权分置”是中央农村土地制度改革的重大决策部署。《民法典(草案)》近日公开征求意见,将于2020年3月提交全国人大审议通过。其在“物权编”简单移植了《农村土地承包法》土地经营权的个别条文,解决了土地经营权定性不明的问题,但使《农村土地承包法》的逻辑紊乱、利益失衡、无法放活经营权等问题进一步固化、显化,亟待作出实质性修改。其进一步修改应以实现“放活经营权”改革目标为基本遵循,坚守“物债二分”基本理论,充分尊重中国实际,切实维护农民利益。

The Provisions of the Land Management Rights in the Civil Code(Draft) shall be Substantially Revised

“Three-rights separation”is a major decision of the reform of the central rural land system.The Civil Code(Draft)was published to solicits public opinions recently and will be submitted to the National People’s Congress for deliberation in March 2020.Its“Real Rights Section”simply transplanted some individual provisions of land management rights in the“Law on Land Contract in Rural Areas”to solve the issue of the unclear characteristics of land management rights,however,it causes the problem of logic disorder,imbalance of interests,and the inability to liberate the management right in the Law on Land Contract in Rural Areas more solidified and transparent,which need substantive changes urgently.The further modifications should follow the objectives of reform to liberate the management right,adhere to the basic theory of“dual structure of real rights and creditors'rights”,respect China's reality,and effectively safeguard the interests of farmers.