SEM/EDAX检测内脏异物元素成分诊断溺死

为探讨溺死诊断的依据和推断入水地点，用扫描电镜／X－射线谱仪（SEM／EDAX）检测19例溺死尸体及28只溺死兔的肺、肾、心、肝等组织异物颗粒及其元素成分和含量，并以陆地上死亡尸体14具及8只陆地上勒死兔（2只勒死后入水浸泡6天）作实验对照。结果发现，19例溺死尸体及28只溺死兔的肺边缘区呼吸性细支气管、肺泡管、肺泡囊及肺泡内均可见高能谱值的异物颗粒，其大小自数微米至数十微米不等，多为无定形异物颗粒或细小异物颗粒集落。其中元素成分为硅、铝、钙、铁、铬、钛、钼、铅、锡、铜、溴等，与入水地点溺液中所含元素成分相同；肾、心、肝组织异物颗粒检出率分别为77％、53％及47％，数量较少，颗粒较小，大小自1微米以下至十数微米。非溺死尸体及实验兔的肺、肾、心、肝组织未检出或偶尔检出异物颗粒，其元素成分多为铁、钙或硅等，可能是病理及生理性异物颗粒，如含铁血黄素、钙化灶等。用SEM／EDAX检测水中尸体组织中异物颗粒及其元素成分和含量，可以诊断溺死，推断入水区域，为明确案件性质和确定侦察范围提供科学依据。

Diagnosis of drowning by detection of foreign bodies and analyzing their elemental components using SEM/EDAX

Diagnosis of drowning and the deduction of the submerging region is an important problem of investigation of dead body in water. The present study aims at detecting foreign bodies and analyzing their elemental components in internal organs by using ARMAY3200C MODEL SE/NORAN 3055 EDAX. The results demonstrated that in 47drowning cases including 19 human cadavers and 28 experimental rabbits, the foreign bodies consisting of elements such as Si, Al, Ca, Fe, Cr, etc. were found in lungs, kidneys,hearts, and livers. The detecting rates of lungs, livers, kidneys and hearts were 100%,47%, 77% and 53% respectively. The types of elements detected out in these organs are the same as those from the appropriate drowning water. While in cases of non-drowning cadavers or experimental rabbits, their internal organs showed no such foreign bodies. Therefore this method could be used for diagnosis of drowning or deduction of submerging region.