南非社会权司法救济的方式评析

南非宪法不仅明确规定社会权可以通过司法方式获得保护和实施，而且还赋予法院对社会权进行救济的广泛权力。宪法法院在司法实践中对社会权的救济方式做了一些探索，主要有宣告性判决、强制性指令和“读入”判决。这些救济方式对社会权的保护发挥了一定作用，但也因其局限性影响了救济的效果：一是过分关注集体利益而忽视了对个人权利的保护；二是对法院命令的执行缺乏有力的监督，常使法院命令流于形式，影响了救济的有效性。因此，法院应承认社会权是个人权利，赋予社会权以实质的个人权利的内容，注重对个人权利的救济；并发展新的救济方式，对政府执行法院命令的行为进行有效监督。

Analysis on the ways of judicial relief for south Africa's

South African constitution not only explicitly regulates that social rights may be protected and accomplished in judicial ways, but also grants the wurts wide rights to carry out judicial relief for social rights. Constitutional court has made some exploration in the ways of relief in judicial practice, mainly including declaratory judgment, compulsory statement and ＂readin＂ judgment. These ways of relief have played certain role in the protection of social rights, but limitalion of these ways has affected the effect of relief： 1. More emphasis on collectire interests than the protection of indiritual rights;2. There is a lack of sufficient supervision in the implementation of court order which is often carded out in formality weakening the efficiency of relief. So, the court should admit social rights are Dart of indiridual rights, endow social rights with contents of indiridual rights, enhance the relief of individual rights,derelop new relief ways and carry out effective supervision on government＇s implementation of court ordes.