大萧条时期美国贸易政策与中美贸易

20世纪30年代世界经济大萧条时期,开始于美国的贸易保护主义政策,极大地损害了国际贸易的发展,中国的对外贸易尤其是中美贸易也受到了严重冲击。1929～1932年,尽管中国货币被动贬值,但其对出口的积极效应远远小于美国进口税提高及进口需求下降的效应。1933年以后美国关税壁垒降低,美国货币贬值及白银购买导致中国货币相对升值,但有限的贸易自由化及国民收入的增加,引致进口需求扩大,并由此带动了中国对美出口贸易的增长。

American Trade Policy in the Great Depression and its Impact on Sino-US Trade

During the Great Depression,the protectionist trade policies initiated by the United States,greatly damaged the development of international trade.China’s foreign trade,especially the trade with the United States,also suffered severely.From 1929 to 1932,despite the passive devaluation of the Chinese currency,the positive effect on China’s export was far less than the effect caused by U.S.increase of import tariff and decline of import demand.Since 1933,the reduction of U.S.tariff barriers,devaluation of U.S.currency and the silver purchase had led to the relative appreciation of China’s currency.However,the limited trade liberalization and the rise in American national income encouraged an expansion of import demand,and thus stimulated a growth in China’s exports to the United States.