烟草管制与公民权利的包容与界分

毋庸置疑,对已沦为习俗的吸烟行为予以管制,必然会滋生侵犯公民权利方面之不妥,一般而言,其表现为与吸烟者行为自由权、烟商言论自由权、以及吸烟者与企业主财产权三方面存有冲突。我们经由对自由权本质属性的剖析可以明确,有碍他人健康之吸烟行为非属行为自由其类;同时,亦并非所有烟草宣传皆可归属言论自由权范畴,在烟控制度结构中,我们理应对烟草宣传保持"尊重与戒惧"的基本态度。另外,限制购买以及征收烟草税所造成的财产限制,事实上和一般意义上的财产权侵犯亦是有所差别的,购买香烟是一种特殊的财产支配情形,对其予以限制并不违背法经济学上的资源配置法则。最后,对企业主而言,单纯的获利机会、商业利益、赢利预估或期待并非属于财产权的保障范围。

Accommodation of and Demarcation Line between Control of Tobacco and Individual Rights

Undoubtedly,control of habitual smoking will inevitably infringe on individual rights.Generally speaking,it involves conflicts in the following three aspects,freedom of conduct of junkie,freedom of speech of tobacconist and property right of smoker and business owner.Analysis of the intrinsic attribute of right to liberty reveals that smoking harmful to others’health does not fall into category of freedom of conduct.It is by no means that all tobacco promotions belong to category of freedom of speech.In the battle of controlling smoking,we ought to take a basic approach of "respect for while guard against" tobacco promotion.Additionally,in fact and in general sense,restriction on purchase of cigarette and negative effect on property caused by tobacco taxation is different from infringement on property right.Purchase of cigarette being a special kind of disposition of property,restriction on it does not run against the principle of resource allocation.Finally,for business owners,pure profit-making opportunity,commercial interests and profit estimate or expectation are not within the scope of protection of property right.