“直接责任人”的累犯问题研究

构成累犯的前提条件是行为人必须是犯罪主体，而在单位犯罪的场合，直接责任人只是刑罚主体，而非犯罪主体。因此，即使犯罪单位可以构成累犯，直接责任人也缺乏构成累犯的前提条件。其次，在单位犯罪的场合，直接责任人是代替犯罪单位承担刑事责任，接受处罚。这并非因为其自身负有刑事责任，而是刑事立法基于其在罪过与行为两方面参与了单位犯罪而强制其完全承担或部分承担犯罪单位的刑事责任。所以，直接责任人不能因单位犯罪与个人犯罪而构成累犯，也不能因单位构成累犯而构成累犯。

Study on the Recidivistic Problem of Chief Officer

the precondition of being a recidivist must be a criminal subject.But in an unitary criminal cases,the chief officer is just a punishing subject,but not a criminal subject.Therefore,if the criminal unit has been the recidivist,the chief officer has lacked the precondition of being a recidivist.Then,in the unitary criminal cases,the chief officer should take on the penal duty and punishment instead of the criminal unit.It don' t owing to the penal duty,but take part in the criminal unit which basic on the la...