哲学作为爱自由的学问

"自由"是"哲学--爱智"作为"学术--科学"的最为核心的概念和问题,哲学对它的认识也有一个深化、成熟的过程.这一过程在欧洲哲学中大体上经历了三个阶段和层面:在古代希腊创始阶段,希腊哲人摆脱"知识"之原始经验技术之束缚,确立了"自由知识"之地位;至康德哲学,"自由"通过"实践理性"上升至哲学之最高层面,使"道德"以"自由--职责"为基础;由康德经过黑格尔直到海德格尔,"自由"由"理念"回到"存在".对于"自由"的历史考察,可以看出"主体--客体"、"有限--无限"、"存在--非存在"、"生--死"等问题的内在关系.

Philosophy as a Subject Desiring Freedom

This paper is trying to study the kernel position of Freedom in European philosophy with a general view of the history of desiring the Freedom in philosophical minds.Three steps are mentioned in this paper: in ancient Greek,the free science was understood as totally different from the primitive technical knowledge,and this Free Knowledge made the philosophy born;then Kant introduced the concept of Freedom into philosophy,putting the practical reason-morality-Freedom at the top of philosophy;then Kant throug...