法律要件分类说与刑事证明责任分配——兼与龙宗智教授商榷

法律要件分类说是民事诉讼中证明责任分配的主流学说,关于该说对刑事证明责任分配适用的可能性,学界一致持基本否定的态度。这种否定态度是因为对证明责任基本概念存在诸多误解造成的。刑事和民事证明责任分配的基本方案,均应建立在对各法律要件进行分类基础之上,只不过各自对法律要件进行分类的具体方法存在重大差别。民事诉讼中以罗森贝克规范说的分类方法为典型代表,而刑事诉讼中法律要件分类的结果则体现为犯罪构成体系。应当从法律要件分类的视角,重新审视我国犯罪构成体系重构问题,从而使刑事证明责任的分配有章可循。

Classification of Elements to Law and the Distribution of the Criminal Burden of Proof

The classification of elements to law is currently the mainstream in civil procedural law regarding the burden of proof.The possibility of its applicability to the same issue in the criminal procedural law,however,was uniformly refuted by all the academics.This article argues that this negative attitude largely comes out of misunderstandings about the basic conception of burden of proof.All forms of distributive arrangement of criminal as well as civil responsibilities should rest on the basis of classifica...