作为超法规违法阻却事由的习惯法--刑法视域下习惯法违法性判断机能之开辟

习惯法在刑法领域中,具有贯穿刑事立法与刑事司法之"横截式"作用与机能.本文的理论目标正在于,开辟和释放习惯法在违法性判断阶段之重要功能.在作者看来,习惯法完全可以作为超法规的违法阻却事由发挥作用,法官可以习惯法上之正当性,排除行为之实质违法性.这不但不与罪刑法定原则相违背,而且有利于保障被告人人权;不仅有利于以收缩的实质理性对抗扩张的形式理性,而且也应合了"社会相当性理论"和"社会危害性理论"--这一违法阻却事由的一般基础和实质违法性判断之根本标准.甚至,习惯法的引入,还将有力地深化和拓展我们对于"社会相当性"与"社会危害性"这一范畴的横向理解和空间理解.

Customary Law as Extra-statute Reason to Hinder the Illegality

The customary law runs through the criminal legislation and the criminal administration of justice,which has the function of "cutting type sideways " in the criminal law field.The theoretic goal of this article is to open up and release the customary law's function at stage of judging the transgression.In the author's view,the customary law can be regarded as the extra-statute reason to hinder the illegality.The judges can exclude the essential illegal nature of the behavior based on rationality in the customary law,which not only inviolate with the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime,but also help to ensure the defendant's human rights.It is not only in favor of confronting the expanding formal logos with the shrinking substantial logos,but also in conformity with the general foundation of " social correspondence theory " and " social harmfulness theory " and the basic standard of the essential illegal nature.Even,the introduction of customary law will deepen and expand our horizontal and special understanding of "social correspondence " and " social harmfulness".