试论刑罚个别化的根据

刑事实证学派及目前的刑法理论普遍认为刑罚个别化的根据是基于犯罪人人身危险性的个别预防 ,本文认为刑罚个别化的根据应包括个别公正与个别预防两个方面 ,并且 ,个别公正是主要的依据 ,原因在于人与人之间意志自由的程度、犯罪原因等因素不同 ,这些因素在适用刑罚时都是应该予以考虑的 ,只有全面考虑这些因素才能使刑罚尽可能地做到公正 ;同时 ,刑罚这种社会制度的设立是有功利性的 ,在一般预防与个别预防的功利性选择上 ,应该偏重个别预防 ,个别预防的实现无疑应该以刑罚个别化为前提。刑罚个别化是实现个别公正和个别预防的最佳途径 ,也是必然选择。

On the Bases of Individual Punishment

It is generally thought that the basis of individual punishment is individual deterrence that is on the foundation of personal danger of criminal for the criminal positivism and the current criminal theory. The essay,however, think that the bases of individual punishment are individual justness and individual deterrence. Furthermore, the individual justness is the primary basis for the reason that there are differences in some factors, such as free will, criminal causes. We should consider all these factors fully when applying punishment. To do so, the punishment can be applied more justly. Admittedly, the punishment,as a social system, is also utilitarian. But the individual deterrence are more important than the general deterrence in consideration of utilitarian choose. Of course, the realization of individual deterrence should be on the premise of individual punishment. As a result,it is the individual that is the best and the only way to realize the individual justness and the individual deterrence.