论美国早期民主对刑事辩护权发展的影响

美国早期民主政治对后续的社会制度有着深刻的影响,与此同时,律师业也在19世纪取得了飞速的发展。但是,目前关于美国早期民主对刑事辩护权发展之影响的研究却鲜有作品涉及。本文梳理了美国早期刑事司法环境,描绘了19世纪末期的辩护制度发展历程,对比了古代中国集权体制下的刑事司法制度。将美国刑事辩护权发展的实质性因素归纳为:人民主权原则在刑事司法制度中的贯彻,多元分权制度给予辩护权发展的空间,以及司法的最终权威是辩护权发展的强力助推。最后,刑事辩护权发展的最终归属将是权利自由。

The Influence of American Democracy Politics in Early Time on the Development of Criminal Defense

American democracy politics in early time has a profound effect on the subsequent social system. Meanwhile, as an important part of the American democratic society, the practice of law also has achieved rapid development in the 19th century. However, we can hardly find works about the influence of American democracy politics in early time on the development of criminal defense. Based on the early American criminal judicial environment, this paper depicts the defense system development process at the end of the 19th century and compares the ancient China’s criminal justice system under the authoritarian system. The substantial factors in the development of American criminal defendant are summarized as: implementation of the people’s sovereignty principle in the criminal justice system, multiple decentralized systems offering the development space for the right of defense and final judicial authority pushing the development of the right. Finally, the ultimate development of the criminal defendant will be the right of freedom.