网络传销犯罪的司法认定逻辑及其修正

基于传销犯罪的诈骗本质以及网络传销所衍生的诸多形式,原有的组织、领导传销活动罪的界定已经无法适应惩治网络传销犯罪的需要,应当基于体系与实践的双重考量,对网络传销犯罪的立法和司法作出相应的调适。组织、领导传销活动罪与集资诈骗罪系交叉竞合关系,两者在量刑上应保持平衡。网络传销犯罪在法益侵害程度方面未必高于传统传销犯罪。司法解释性文件对于网络传销犯罪的认定不应囿于组织内部参与传销活动人员30人三级的标准。网络团队计酬不应当构成犯罪。对于混合型传销,则应当结合"骗取财物"的要件予以全面判断。对为网络传销犯罪提供网络服务的行为,应区分情况适用共同犯罪、非法利用信息网络罪与帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪。对网络传销犯罪作证据综合认定时,应优先客观性证据,确立互联网电子数据的中枢证明作用,修正逐一收集参与传销活动人员的言词证据规则。

Judicial Identification of Internet-Based Pyramid Crime:Its Logic and Amendment

The internet-based pyramid scheme is in essence fraud,and as its new forms keep emerging,the existing provisions of the Crime of Organizing or Leading the Pyramid Selling Activities can hardly apply in many circumstances.Therefore,the current legislations and judicial explanations regarding pyramid scheme crimes shall be partly revised out of a systematic and practical concern.As the Crime of Organizing or Leading the Pyramid Selling Activities and the Crime of Fraudulent Fund-Raising in legislation overlap and compete with each other to some degree,the two shall be balanced in measurement of penalty.Since the harm of legal interest by the internet-based pyramid scheme is not necessarily more severe than the traditional one,their identification in judicial interpretation shall not be restricted to the number of thirty participants and to the three-tier structure in their organization,and the internet multi-level marketing(MLM)shall not constitute any crime.As regards the hybrid type of pyramid scheme,it is necessary to combine the constituent element of’defraud’to decide whether the act is guilty or not.In the case of providing aid for the internet-based pyramid Crime by the internet service suppliers,differentiation shall be made among the joint crime,the Crime of Illegal Use of Information Network and the Crime of Assisting Criminal Activities by Information Network.In the comprehensive adjudication of evidence,priority shall be given to the objective ones.For instance,the digital evidence shall play a main role.In addition,the rule shall be revised that verbal evidence of each pyramid scheme participant shall be collected respectively.