法庭语音学

本文对法庭语音学进行了研究综述,主要介绍了该学科的核心内容：说话人鉴定。在实际办案中,当未找到嫌疑人,只有犯罪分子的检材语音时,可以使用说话人画像/说话人分类技术。若没有犯罪分子的录音证据时,可以让受害人和证人进行说话人的听觉辨认。具体的辨认形式有两种：对熟人辨认和对陌生人辨认,在对陌生人辨认时可以采用语音辨认的方法进行。当检材语音和样本语音都齐备的时候,法庭语音分析专家就可以对二者进行比对检验了。目前语音比对分析涉及到的问题和领域有：基于贝叶斯方法的法庭推理和似然比计算、共振峰频率的测量应用、非解析感知与样例理论、法庭说话人自动识别以及不同方法的综合应用等。

Forensic Phonetics

An overview of forensic phonetics is presented,focusing on speaker identification as its core task.Speaker profiling/speaker classification is applied when the offender has been recorded,but no suspect has been found.Auditory speaker identification by victims and witnesses becomes relevant when no speech recording of the offender is available.It can take the form of familiar-speaker identification or unfamiliar-speaker identification,and in the latter case a voice line-up/voice parade can be carried out.When recordings of both the offender and a suspect are available,a voice comparison is done by an expert in forensic speech analysis.Current issues and domains in voice comparison analysis include the Bayesian approach to forensic reasoning and the Likelihood Ratio,the use of formant frequency measurements,non-analytic perception and Exemplar Theory,forensic automatic speaker identification,and the interaction between different methods.