经义决狱与汉代衡平法的形成和发展

汉代经义决狱是以《春秋》、《诗经》等儒家经典中有关法律适用的记述,以及有关历史事件、客观事物的记述中所体现的＂义理＂判决案件,进而弥补当代立法之不足,发展、完善汉代法律的一种司法实践活动。经学理论是对先秦社会实践经验的总结,是集体智慧的结晶,具有公平、正义的成分。经义决狱的产生与汉代经学研究密不可分。经学研究的产生、兴盛为经义决狱的产生、发展提供了理论基础和社会基础。儒家经典中所体现的＂义理＂具有公平、正义、理性的特点,符合时宜、事宜之意,依之所作的具有拘束力的判决,进而形成有拘束力的判例、判令可称之为汉代衡平法。

Judging a Case by Confucian Classics and the Formation and Development of Law of Equity in the Han Dynasty

Judging a case by the Confucian Canon in the Han Dynasty was a kind of judicial practice that judicial officers decided the cases according to the record on the application of law and the classical principles（Yili）that could be found in the record on the past events and things in the Confucian Classics such as the Spring and Autumn Annals and the Book of Songs to make up the legislation deficiency,to develope and improve the law of the Han Dynasty.The Confucian Classics derived from the experiences in the pre-Qin society and were the result of collective wisdom with fairness and justice components.To judge a case by the Confucian Classics in the Han Dynasty emerged in the Confucian classics research which has provided theoretical foundation and the social basis for the decision of cases.The classical principles in the Confucian classics means fairness,justice,rational and according with the appropriateness of things.The binding decision in line with the Confucian classics would become a binding case or a judicial order,which might be called the Law of Equity in Han Dynasty.