代际收入关系中的社会公平：测量与解释

收入代际关联是对于社会中经济机会配置公平度的一种测量,在国外的研究中已经有了大量文献积累。本文首先利用调查数据估计了城镇代际收入弹性,发现中国城市中代际收入弹性处于中等水平,但是曲率大于其它国家,高收入者的代际继承性更强。结合中国的制度变迁背景,文章认为影响收入代际关联的最重要两个因素是：贫困家庭中人力资本投资不充分和在劳动力市场上受到阻碍。如果要增强经济机会的开放度和流动性,那么公共开支就应当加大对贫困家庭的人力资本投资力度,破除劳动力市场中的种种阻碍。

Social Justice in the Inter-generational Income Mobility:Measurement and Interpretation

Inter-generational income mobility elasticity is a measurement of social justice in distribution of economic opportunities.By mining the date from "the survey of social change in urban China",we estimate inter-generational income Elasticity is estimated to be about 0.4 to 0.5.The inter-generational income relation is nonlinear,and the curvature of this relation is larger than it is in the United States.Two important factors have caused the increase of Inter-generational income elasticity :The insufficiency of human capital investment in poor family,and the barriers in labor-market.