西方法官职业的历史构建

法官的产生是由统治者（国王）渡让权力的结果。法官自设立之时起，就与正义联系在一起。由于各民族的特点不同，法官产生的路径是不一样的：既有从全社会中民主选举产生的，也有仅从贵族中民主选举产生的。早期的法官其实并非“官”，其在社会上的地位甚至排不上官僚的序列；早期的法官也不是由专家来担任的。司法腐败似乎是随司法权的产生而产生的。由选举产生法官的目的是为了防止腐败；而以任命的方式、以个人品德来产生法官的目的也是为了防止法官腐败，结果都没能制止司法的腐败。法官职业与其它职业一样，是社会分工和制度文明进步的必然产物。不同的政体性质也决定了法官的形式。司法的最终目的是为了保障司法独立。

A Historical Construction of Western Judges Profession

The emergency of judge is the result of power granting by the rulers.Form the establishment of judges,they are linked to justice.Owing to the different characteristics of nationalities,the paths of judge selection are not the same: some are selected from the whole society through democratic elections,while others are merely elites in the democratic elections.Early judges are not "official",their social status are lower than official's and they are not experts.Judiciary corruption seems to come along with the judicial power.Judges and other professional careers are inevitable outcome of labor division and progress of civilization.Different forms of government decide the forms of judges.The ultimate aim of the judiciary is to protect the independence of the judiciary.