常规冷冻对大鼠尸体组织形态学的影响

目的观察分析死后不同时间冷冻大鼠尸体主要内脏组织细胞形态变化规律。方法 SD大鼠20只,分为尸僵前冷冻组、尸僵期冷冻组、尸僵缓解冷冻组及对照组（各5只）,颈椎脱臼处死大鼠,实验组大鼠在室温25℃±5℃、相对湿度80%±5%分别放置0h、6h、24h后-20℃±2℃冰箱冷冻72h,解剖提取脑、心、肺、肝、肾,常规切片HE染色,显微图像体视学测量细胞外间隙的面密度。结果各实验组内脏组织间质疏松增宽,冰晶裂隙沿组织间隙或肝血窦分布、周边细胞固缩,红细胞冻溶、血管周围浆液淤积,以肝组织变化最明显。细胞外间隙的面密度：对照组明显小于实验组（P〈0.01）;脑尸僵前组较尸僵组大（P〈0.05）;心、肾尸僵前组和尸僵组无显著差异（P〉0.05）,均较尸僵缓解组大（P〈0.01）;肝各实验组组间比较均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论冷冻不同尸僵状态下内脏组织细胞有不同的形态结构,可作为区别和判断生前和死后组织细胞形态改变的参考。

The change of histomorphology in conventional freezing rat corpse

Objective The purpose of this subject was to observe and analysis the regularity of morphological changes of freezing rat's visceral tissues.Methods Twenty SD rats were divided into pro-rigor mortis frozen group,rigor mortis frozen group,post-rigor mortis frozen group and control group(five rats each group).All rats were killed by cervical dislocation.The experimental groups were placed for 0h,6h,24h at room temperature with 25℃ ± 5℃ and the relative humidity with 80%±5%,then frozen in-20℃ ± 2℃ refrigerator for 72h.The brain,heart,lung,liver and kidney were quickly dissected,and then sectioned with conventional method and stained with HE method.The area density of extracellular space was measured with the software of microscopic images analysis.Results The stroma of visceral tissue was loose and wide,ice cracks are distributed along the intercellular space or liver sinusoid in experimental groups.It also appeared shrinkage cells surround ice cracks,ruptured red blood cells and fluid deposition surround vascular.The morphological change of ice cracks of liver is obvious.Area density of extracellular space of control group was significantly smaller than experimental group(P<0.01);brain of pro-rigor mortis group was bigger than rigor mortis group(P<0.05);heart and kidney of pro-rigor mortis group had no significant difference with rigor mortis group(P>0.05),but both group were bigger than post-rigor mortis group(P<0.01);there is no significant difference between experimental groups in liver(P>0.05).Conclusion The visceral tissues morphological structure is diverseness in different state of rigor mortis before freeze,it can be used as reference to distinguish and judge the antemortem and postmortem.