知情权及其保障——以《政府信息公开条例》为例

知情权具有宪法基本权利的位阶。在我国,宪法没有直接规定知情权,但它却被确认于地方政府规章以及党和国家的重要文件中。通过宪法解释方法将知情权列入宪法基本权利的条件已经成熟。《政府信息公开条例》作为保障公民知情权的行政法规,需要处理好处于其上位的《保守国家秘密法》、《档案法》以及处于其下位的"法规和国家有关规定"之间的关系,协调与"卷宗阅览权"、"隐私权"保护之间关系。由政府信息公开引发行政争议构成了一种新类型的行政诉讼,它需要我们在行政诉讼法理论与实务中作出积极的回应,方可切实保障公民的知情权。

Right to Be Informed and Legal Safeguard thereof

As a fundamental right,the right to know has its constitutional implications.Right to know is not prescribed in our constitution,but it is confirmed in local government regulations,in important party and national documents.So it is proper to use constitutional interpretation method,to incorporate right to know into fundamental constitutional right.As an administrative decree to guarantee the right to know of citizen,Ordinance of Access to Government Information should deal with its relationship with National Secrecy Act,Archives Act and "Regulations and related documents",should coordinate its relationship with "right to dossiers",with privacy.The administrative dispute emerges from freedom of information constitutes a new type of administrative litigation,it needs our actively response in administrative litigation theory and practice,only this can indeed guarantee the right to know of citizens.