春秋时代的谥制与诔文

诔文是古代丧葬礼仪上用的应用文，起源于西周的赐谥制度，它的存在依附于制谥的目的。西周形成了官谥官诔的传统，春秋时代对这些传统有所突破：士始有诔，有诔无谥；私谥私诔也悄然兴起。这些因素使得诔文逐渐摆脱制谥的目的而独立存在，内容上增加了寓哀的成分，抒情色彩更加浓重。春秋时代是诔文由应用文向文学作品发展的关键时期，后世如谥议、行状、哀辞等文体皆受其影响。

The Funeral Eulogy and Its System in Spring and Autumn Period

Funeral eulogy was originated from the tradition which giving the nobleman another name after they died in Western Zhou Dynasty.The dead name often was given by government.The tradition had breakthroughs in Spring and Autumn Period.First,the lowest noblemen began to have funeral eulogy although without the dead name.Second,the dead name could be given by their relatives and friends.As the result,funeral eulogy could exist independently from the aim of giving the dead name,and more sad feelings could be written in it.