论专利壁垒的剥削性

专利壁垒有两点区别于传统的非关税贸易壁垒:一是它不仅出现在跨国贸易的流通领域,而且存在于一国的产业领域;二是专利壁垒表面上是为阻止竞争产品进入专利保护地域,而实质上是为保护专利产品市场,拉动专利产品生产规模,使专利权尽可能实现价值增量,从而获得超额剩余价值,因此,专利壁垒具有剥削性。通过创新型劳动的价值计算、创新型劳动与剩余价值的形成、专利壁垒与剩余价值的实现等方面对专利壁垒的剥削性加以剖析,提出专利壁垒的应对方略不仅要从国家和企业两个层面着手,更应当从构建和谐共赢的国际知识产权法律制度和建立国际经济新秩序大视角着眼。

On the Exploitative Nature of Patent Barriers

Patent barriers differ from traditional non-tariff barriers to trade in two respects: one is that the former not only occurs in circulation of cross-border trade,but also exist in industries within a country;the other lies in the fact that patent barriers,though seemingly functioning to prevent the inflow of vying products into the patent protection area,are virtually intended to secure the market share of the relevant patent products,fuel their production scale,achieve an increased value for the patent right,and ultimately harvest an extra great surplus value.Thus,patent barriers are exploitative in nature.This article analyzes the exploitative nature of patent barriers from such aspects as calculation of value for innovative work,the formation of surplus value from innovative work,and the realization of surplus value through patent barriers.It further puts forward the view that tackling patent barriers should not only proceed from the country and enterprise levels,but also from the perspective of constructing an all-win international intellectual property system and a new international economic order.