An Examination of Three Models of the Relationships between Parental Attachments and Adolescents’ Social Functioning and Depressive Symptoms |
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Authors: | Yih-Lan Liu |
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Institution: | (1) Center for Teacher Education, National Tsing-Hua University, 101 Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Rd, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, ROC |
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Abstract: | Three models of attachment relationships—the hierarchy model, the integrative model and the independent model—were compared
in order to elucidate which best described the relationship between attachments to fathers versus mothers and its developmental
consequences among 1,289 eighth grade students in Taiwan. These consequences included adolescents’ social support from family
and friends, social expectations in peer interaction, self-worth, and depressive symptoms. The models can be summarized as
follows: the hierarchy model assumes that paternal attachment is influenced by the level of maternal attachment; the integrative
model assumes that the combined effects of secure attachments to mother and to father best predict the child’s development;
and the independent model suggests that maternal and paternal attachments have differential influences on the child’s developmental
outcomes. Our results indicate that the independent model best describes adolescents’ attachment relationships with parents
and their subsequent developmental consequences. Moreover, gender differences were found in adolescent’s report of attachment
to mother and father in relation with the outcome variables.
Yih-Lan Liu is an associate professor at National Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan, R.O.C. She received her Ph.D degree 1996 from
University of Texas at Austin, U.S.A. Her major research interests include parent-child interaction, attachment relationships,
ego development and adolescent development and psychosocial adjustment. |
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Keywords: | Parental attachment Maternal attachment Adolescents Adjustment Social functioning Depressive symptoms |
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