比例原则的中国宪法依据新释

比例原则已被全球法治实践反复证明属于人权保障的利剑,必将成为中国合宪性审查的基本标准。为了更好地推进合宪性审查,并消除对比例原则适用范围与功能的误解,有必要探寻比例原则在中国的宪法依据。通过解释我国《宪法》中“权利义务一致性”“基本权利”“人格尊严”“法治国”“征收征用”等条款的尝试,均不能很好或完全地推导出比例原则。比例原则的本质在于调整权力与权利、权利与权利之间的关系,其功能在于合理确定国家权力与公民权利的界限。比例原则内置于权利和权力之中。通过解释我国《宪法》第51条的“权利的限度”条款和第33条第3款的“国家尊重和保障人权”条款,可以得出比例原则在中国具有宪法依据,属于宪法基本原则。

A New Interpretation of the Constitutional Basis for Proportionality Principle in China

The proportionality principle has been repeatedly proved by the global rule of law practice to be a sharp sword for the protection of human rights,and will surely become the basic standard of constitutionality review in China.In order to better promote constitutionality review and eliminate misunderstandings on the scope and functions of the proportionality principle,it is necessary to explore the constitutional basis of the proportionality principle in China.Attempts to explain the"consistency between rights and obligations""basic rights""expropriation and requisition""personal dignity"in the Constitution of China have failed to derive the proportionality principle well or completely.The essence of the proportionality principle lies in the adjustment of relationships between power and right,right and right.Its function is to reasonably determine the boundary between state power and citizens'rights.The proportionality principle is built in rights and powers.By interpreting the"Limits of Rights"clause in Article 51 of the Constitution and the"State respects and protects human rights"clause in Paragraph 3 of Article 33,it can be concluded that the proportionality principle has a constitutional basis in China and is a basic constitutional principle.