延安妇女劳动英雄与新中国妇女的诞生

本文讨论了延安的妇女劳动英雄特别是其在20世纪40年代初的文化再现。剖析了在当时形成的妇女劳动英雄现象,并指出,在革命进程中,对妇女劳动英雄的文化再现和她们被赋予的理想角色存在断裂、矛盾和多重解读。本文要重点强调在妇女参与生产方面同时存在的实用主义和理想主义路径,并将之归因于当时中国共产党自我定位的双重时间性。一方面,以短期生存为必需的抗日战争促使中国共产党采取实用主义策略,鼓励妇女参与生产;另一方面,作为社会主义的萌芽时期,中国共产党领导的新民主主义革命打开了面向未来的时空视野,实现了革命话语从“记忆”到“预言”的转变。当时的作家们积极拥抱这一创作空间,并想象一种和平的、具有社会主义社会视野的社会关系。在这些创作中,以报告文学为体裁、以劳动英雄为主题、以乌托邦主义为时间上的方向,共同塑造了妇女通过劳动获得解放的新理念,重新确立了她们的能动性,并将她们置于新的社会关系之中。

Yan'an's Labor Heroines and the Birth of the Women of New China

This article discusses the labor heroines of Yan'an and in particular their cultural representation in the context of the early 1940s.It shows how the phenomenon of women's labor heroism was formed during these years and it points out the rifts,contradictions and multiple understandings in the representation of labor heroines and their ideal role in the revolutionary process.It particularly highlights the co-existence of an instrumentalist and an idealist approach to women's participation in production which is attributed to the double temporality in the CCP's self-positioning at the time.The short-term necessities of the War of Resistance justified an instrumentalist approach which made labor heroines a countable“work force”.New Democracy,on the other hand,as a period of incipient socialism,opened the temporal horizon towards the future and moved revolutionary discourse from“memory”to“prophecy”.Writers embraced this creative space and imagined the social relations of a pacified,socialist society.Reportage as genre,labor heroines as subject and utopianism as orientation in time formed the basis for totally new conceptualizations of women's liberation through work,restituting women's agency and placing them in new sets of social relations.