资源失灵与阻抗力——基于M村婚姻暴力现象的研究

解释婚姻暴力时资源正功能论和资源负功能论并存,现实中女性拥有较多资源也可能长期遭受婚姻暴力,构成本文所谓"资源失灵"现象。本文通过对资源概念进行界定及分类,厘清问题本质,考察农村家庭中妻子面对婚姻暴力时经济资源失灵的过程与机理,揭示家庭背景、社区文化等结构资源对个体经济资源的主导作用,从阻抗力的角度思考相关对策。女性具有的男权中心性别观念会扭曲其对经济资源的主观认知,抑制其资源利用能力,导致资源失灵。家庭因素、社区环境等结构资源通过社会化过程影响个体的观念系统,也会以社会支持方式促进或压制经济资源的作用。婚姻暴力阻抗力能减少受暴女性对施暴者或者婚姻关系的依赖性,其产生需激活相应的外部结构资源,并激发个体的意愿与决心。

Ineffectiveness of Resources and Resistance to Domestic Violence:A Case Study of M Village in Northern China

The studies of domestic violence have found that resources can have both positive and negative effects. This paper defines the fact that women with more resources may still suffer from domestic violence for a long time to be the phenomenon of"Ineffectiveness of Resources". This paper classifies different types of resources,and identifies the dominant role of family background,community culture and other structural resources over individual women’s use of economic resources as the root cause of their experience with domestic violence in rural families. Women’s male-centered gender identity distorts their subjective cognition of economic resources,and inhibits their ability to use them,leading to the ineffectiveness of resources. Structural resources,such as family factors and community environment including social support,affect women’s conception of system through socialization process,and can also promote or suppress the role of economic resources. In search of countermeasures from a perspective of resistance,this paper suggests the needs for external structural resources to help stimulate the individual’s will and determination so as to boost women’s resistance to domestic violence and reduce the dependence on the abuser or marital relationship.