二代香豆素类杀鼠剂研究进展

溴敌隆、溴鼠隆是现今最常用的二代香豆素类杀鼠剂,其导致的中毒案件时有发生。与华法林(杀鼠灵)相似,其主要通过抑制维生素K环氧化物还原酶(vitamin K Expoxide Reductase,VKOR)而阻碍维生素K(vitamine K,VitK)依赖的凝血因子及蛋白质的合成,造成中毒者的凝血功能紊乱,常见临床表现包括:无症状血尿、牙龈出血、鼻出血、皮肤黏膜出血点和瘀斑等。其症状出现的延后性、非特异性以及病史的隐匿性给临床诊断和法医学鉴定带来了一定困难。本文通过总结分析以溴敌隆、溴鼠隆为代表的二代香豆素类杀鼠剂的最新研究进展,以期为法医学检案以及临床杀鼠剂中毒患者的诊治提供参考。

Research progress on second-generation coumarin rodenticides

Bromadiolone and brodifacoum are the two most commonly used coumarin-derivative rodenticides of second-generation today, which cause toxic cases occasionally. Similar to warfarin, it achieves its anticoagulant effects by inhibiting vitamin K Expoxide Reductase(VKOR), an vital enzyme of vitamin k cycle, to disrupt the synthesis of vitamin k-dependent clotting factors and proteins, resulting in coagulation dysfunction. Common clinical manifestations include: asympotomatic hematuria, gingival bleeding, epistaxis, dispersedly mucocutaneous ecchymoses and so on. However, the delayed onsets, non-spedific manifestations with concealed histories has brought some difficulties to both clinical diagnoses and forensic identifications. This paper summerized the latest research progress of the second-generation coumarin rodenticides with a view to providing reference for forensic identifications or diagnosis and treatment of cilinical poisoning patients.