医学与女性社会地位变化之关系:近代韩国女医职业的形成(1876-1945)

一般认为,19世纪东西方女医打破男权社会对于医师职业的垄断,使女医在医学教育、行医资质等方面的权益最终获得保障,这一过程蕴含了对性别平等这一终极目标和社会正义的追求。但是从韩国的事例来看,近代韩国女医职业化和女性解放运动之间并没有形成充满张力的互动。与其说女医是现存性别规范和社会旧秩序的挑战者,毋宁说她们更多呈现出的是顺从、继承乃至拥护旧秩序与旧规范的姿态。韩国女医师这一职业在诸多方面受制于性别不平等和歧视造成的非制度性障碍。而这一问题的解决,无疑有待于一项长远的、各项机制配套的系统性社会改造工程。

The Relationship between Medicine and Changes in Women's Social Status:Professionalization of Female Doctors in Modern Korea(1876-1945)

It is generally believed that in the 19th century,female doctors in both western and eastern patriarchal societies ended the male monopoly in medicine,and were finally able to protect their rights and interests in education,and qualifications to be in the profession.An ultimate goal of this development was gender equality and social justice.However,in Korea,there was not tensile interaction between the professionalization of modern Korean female doctors and the women's liberation movement.Instead of saying that women doctors were the challengers of the existing gender norms and the old social order,it is more accurate to suggest that they were more obedient,inheriting and even supporting the old social order and norms.As a result,the profession of Korean female doctors was in many ways subject to non-institutional obstacles caused by gender inequality and discrimination.The solution to this problem undoubtedly awaits the arrival of a long-term systematic social transformation built on matching social mechanisms.