俄罗斯社会转型的矛盾与问题

苏联解体以后,俄罗斯开始了全面的社会转型进程。但十多年的实践证明,俄罗斯的社会转型并未实现其政治精英的理想预期,而是引发了诸多的矛盾与问题。政治上,新国家体制的建设既缺乏周密设计的制度安排,又没有对民主观念充分尊重的政治文化,导致政局动荡,权力危机频发;经济上,全面私有化并未导致自由市场经济的建立,寡头坐大与国家资本主义的较量表明俄罗斯的经济发展模式尚未最终成型;社会上,权力重组并未根除旧体制的“顽疾”,新包装下所进行的实质上的“精英延续”使很多旧的管理模式与风格仍然保留在新体制中;外交上,“国家身份”的模糊使俄罗斯的对外政策始终处于矛盾之中。俄罗斯的转轨之痛对任何一个社会转型国家都是应该警醒的教训。

On Contradictions and Problems Confronting Russia in Social Transformation

The comprehensive transformation of society in Russia starting with the collapse of USSR has not reached its targets participated by Russian political elite,but led to a lot of contradictions and problems conversely.In politics,the new sys-tem that is lacking in both accurate arrangement of institution and democratic tradition has resulted in the turbulent situation and crisis.In economy,the privatization has not caused market economy.The contest between oligarchy and national capitalism showed that Russian development model is immature.In society,the rearrangement of power has not got rid of the persistent ail-ment in traditional system,containing many characteristics in the stage of the Soviet Union.In foreign affairs,the vague national identity has evoked a lot of conflicts in foreign policy.