期待可能性的体系性地位——以罪责构造的变动为线索的考察

期待可能性的体系性地位是期待可能性中的一个重要问题,它关系到责任的规范构造,甚至犯罪论体系的逻辑结构。本文以德日刑法学为背景,讨论了期待可能性的产生过程,由此考察随着期待可能性的出现而发生的罪责的内容变化,以及责任与构成要件之间逻辑关系的变动。本文认为,期待可能性是规范评价要素,它和故意、过失等心理性要素是有所不同的。在司法活动中,心理性的事实判断应当先于评价性的规范判断。但在罪责要件的构造当中,期待可能性是作为积极的归责要素还是作为消极的责任阻却事由,是一个值得商榷的问题。基于思想上的经济性和诉讼上的便利性的考量,本文认为,将期待不可能作为罪责排除事由是合适的。

On the Status of Expecting Probability in System

The systematic status of Zumutbarkeit is an important issue, concerning the normative construction of Schuld, and even the logical structure of Criminal Theory System. On the basis of the criminal law theory of continental law system, this thesis discusses the evolutionary course of Zumutbarkeit, the alteration of Schuld's content on the development of Zumutbarkeit, and the change of logical relations between Schuld and Tatbestand. This thesis holds the opinion that Zumutbarkeit is the element of normative evaluation, differing from the mental elements, e.g. intention, negligence. In the judicial process, the factual mental elements' judgment has the priority to the normative evaluative judgment. However, it is still doubtful, whether the Zumutbarkeit in the structure of Schuld is a positive element of Zurechnung or a negative Schuldausschlieβungsgrund. Based on the economical consideration of the thought and litigation, this thesis deems the Zumutbarkeit as a Schuldausschlieβungsgrund reasonable.