行政不作为若干疑难问题辨析

行政不作为的理论研究在我国行政法学领域中处于较为薄弱的地位,导致实践中的认识也是比较混乱。行政不作为是否存在合法与违法之分在学术界认识还不一致,其实从法理上看,行政不作为不包括履行不作为义务“行为,”它的本质是一种违法行政行为;对于明示拒绝行为来说,行政主体已在程序上“作为”了,虽然在实体内容上的表现为“拒绝,”但它是行政主体履行法定职责的形式之一,是一种行政作为而不是行政不作为;行政不作为并不以行政相对人的申请为条件,因为行政机关的许多法定义务即使没有相对人的申请也是客观存在并必须履行的;不充分履行职责的行政行为是一种更为隐蔽的违法行为,它是行政主体采用更为隐蔽的手段消极履行法定职责,不能仅凭有限的作为而认定其已履行了法定职责和义务,同样应当认定为行政不作为来揭示它的违法本质;不作为行政行为是与作为行政行为相对应的一种行政行为,行政不作为是与行政作为相对应的概念,行政不作为与不作为行政行为分属不同的概念范畴,两者在内涵和外延上并不相同,不可混为一谈。

Distinguishing on Several Problems of Administrative Omission

The study of theory on administrative omission is in short of state.Whether there are legal and illegal about administrative omission isn't consistent in theory.In fact,administrative omission don't include the act of executing the obligation of omission,it's essence is illegal;for clear-refuse-act,administrative subject has done in procedure,so it isn't administrative omission;the application of private party isn't the constitutive requirement.The act of non-entirely-executiving obligation is coverly illegal,it's essence is illegal;administrative omission is different with administrative act of doing nothing.