公法与私法融合的法律调整模式——环境管理中经济刺激手段的运用

在解决环境外部性的问题上,经济手段会比行政手段产生更大的利益激励机制和效率弹性。经济手段的作用在于通过对环境资源予以定价,将同环境污染与利用等相关的外部成本全部反映到企业的生产成本中,促使企业基于利益最大化的考虑,作出最有利于环境的经济决策。因此,在环境政策的执行中加大运用收费、补贴、押金、排污权交易、环境税、环境责任保险等经济手段的力度是大势所趋。对环境问题的调节,在法律层面上,要求的是既具有私法的建立在意思自治基础上的内在激励机制,又有公法从整体利益出发保障国家介入经济活动的干预机制。

Legal adjustment pattern of fusion between Public law and Private law--The utilization of economic stimulus in the environment management

To solve the problem of environmental exteriority,economic measures will lead to a more incentive system and become more efficient than the administrative measures.The role of economic measures is to price environmental resources so that the external cost of environmental pollution can be included in the product cost.Therefore enterprises are promoted to make economic strategies which are beneficial to the environment based on the consideration of maximum profit.Therefore,it is an unavoidable trend to enforce economic policies,such as taxation,subsidy,cash pledge,and circulative license.As far as the law is concerned,the requirement for environmental regulation is to build both the self-controllable inner incentive system which is based on the private law,and a system of interposition according to which economic business is,to some extent,interposed by the public law to meet the whole nation's benefit.