世界三大湾区的跨域治理机构:模式分类与比较分析

跨域治理机构是因应和解决区域公共问题,协助政府开展跨域事务治理的不可或缺力量。世界三大湾区在长期的演进发展过程中,逐步建构生成了类型多样、功能各异的跨域治理机构。依据类同度和依存度两个分类维度,可以对世界三大湾区的跨域治理机构做不同的划分,识别出官方型、半官方型、专区型、协会型、商会型跨域治理机构。通过对五种模式的代表性机构的比较分析,总结其优缺点、共性与差异及适用性,进而找寻出对粤港澳大湾区跨域治理机构建设的几点启示:一是借鉴东京湾区经验,建立健全类同度和依存度都较高的官方型或半官方型跨域治理机构;二是吸收旧金山湾区和纽约湾区启示,创设类同度较低、依存度较高的协会型跨域治理机构;三是探索建设商界驱动的商会型跨域治理机构,从而形成以政府为核心、多元主体参与的大湾区跨域协作治理体系。

Regional Collaborative Governance Organizations in Three World-Class Bay Areas:Model Classification and Comparative Analysis

Regional collaborative governance organization is an indispensable force for solving regional public problems and assisting the government in governing regional affairs. In the process of development,the three world-class bay areas have gradually generated various regional collaborative governance organizations with diverse types and functions. According to the two classification dimensions of similarityand dependency,the regional collaborative governance organizations in the three bay areascan be divided into different categories. They are: official agency, semi-official agency, special district,association, and chamber of commerce. By comparing and analyzing the representative organizations of the five models, summing up their advantages,disadvantages,commonalities, differences, and applicability is the basis for finding inspiration for the construction of regional collaborative governance organizations in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The Tokyo Bay Area established and improved official and semi-official regional collaborative governance organizationsby making them highly similar and dependent on each other. The bay areas of San Francisco and New York created some regional collaborative governance associations with lower similarities but higher dependencies. Regional collaborative governance can also be achieved through chamber of commerce networks. In the end,a regional collaborative governance system in the Greater Bay Area with the government at the core and multiple participantscan be formed.