类型化与开放性:劳动权利体系若干理论问题

权利的形成和发展(权利化)一般经过理念化、制度化(实证化)和现实化(实在化)的三层次或三阶段。劳动权利是庞杂而多变的权利,不仅循此规律,而且具有显著的开放性。在市场经济初步建立、劳动权利体系亟待形成和完善的转型时期,应当在权利的类型化和体系的开放性两方面、权利化的诸层次,予以系统研究。劳动权利的类型化主要是知识性、技术性和方向性的,而非约束性的,因而拘泥于制度规范的权利类型化方法,是需要改进的。我国急需研究对劳动者应当分享的、具有诉求正当性的利益如何权利化的问题,以保证劳动者获得体面劳动和体面生存的基本权利,从而为社会的良性流动与整合、社会稳定与和谐创造积极条件。

Classification and Openness: Several Academic Problems in the System of Labor Rights

The forming and developing of rights usually go through three phases of idealization,institutionalization and actualization.Labor rights,which are numerous and capricious,abide by this rule and meanwhile they take on a remarkable feature of openness.In the period of transformation when market economy has just been built and labor rights are in urgent need of being established and enhanced,a systematic research into classification of rights,openness of the whole system and the three phases in the forming and developing of rights should be conducted.Classification of labor rights is mainly of knowledge,technique and direction,not of constraint.That is why methods of classifying rights confined to institutional norms need correcting.In China,it is imperative that research on the forming and developing of shared rights claimed to be legitimate interests be done to make sure that laborers can enjoy the fundamental rights to obtain decent job and to live decently,thus creating favorable conditions for smooth migration and integration of society,social stability and harmony.