墨子“天志”、“明鬼”思想积极意义分析

天志、明鬼思想是墨子兼爱、非攻学说的重要组成部分,是墨子论证兼爱、非攻学说的重要的外在力量,是推行其学说的工具;鬼神观是道德力量中一个重要的外在约束力量;天志、明鬼思想也反映出了墨子的一种功利主义态度,认为敬鬼神既是对先人的尊重,又可以联络乡亲的情感;天志、明鬼思想反映了下层被压迫的人民的正义的要求,是民志的曲折表现,具有强烈的现实批判力量。

On the Positive Viewpoint of Mohist Tian-Zhi and Ming-Gui

Thoughts in Tian-Zhi and Ming-Gui are important constituent of Mo-tse’s doctrines of universal love and antiwar,are the very important external powers used by Mo-tse to prove his doctrine of universal love and antiwar,are the tools to popularize his theory;the idea of ghosts and gods is an important external restraining force in the moral power and reflect the utilitarian attitude of Mo-tse by the standpoint that respect ghosts and gods has the same effect as respect predecessor as cement villagers’ friendship;thoughts of Tian-Zhi and Ming-Gui reflect the justicial request of the oppressed,are circuitous symbol of folk mind,have a strong force of critical realism.