我国遗嘱形式要件的认定及完善——中日比较法的视野

对于我国遗嘱形式的完善,学界在能否承认共同遗嘱问题上观点对立,还有学者提出在现行《继承法》规定的五种形式以外再增加秘密遗嘱形式。但通过对中日两国遗嘱实务进行实证分析可以看出,应当明文否定共同遗嘱等自设形式,同时秘密遗嘱不符合我国国情,而在规定了秘密遗嘱的日本,该形式已经受到学者废除的呼吁,因其实质是自书遗嘱。因此,在对遗嘱形式要件予以完善时,应当维持现行的五种形式,但需细化五种遗嘱形式的要件,以便于司法确认立遗嘱人的真意,实现立遗嘱人的终意。

On Determination and Perfection of the Form of Will——from the Comparative Law Perspective between China and Japan

With regard to perfection of the form of will in China,scholars hold opposite views on whether to recognize a conjoint will.Besides,some scholars suggest adding the secret will to the current Succession Law besides the other five forms.Based on positive analysis of will cases in China and Japan,this paper holds that the conjoint will should be forbidden and the secret will does not suit the actual situation in China.Further,scholars in Japan have even suggested abolishing the regulation on the secret will since it is rarely used and by nature a Holographic Will.Therefore,the current five forms of will should be maintained,but detailed requirements should be perfected so as to facilitate the judiciary to determine the testator’s true intention and to realize the testator’s last will.