宋代乡村户意识形态研究

缘于精英层对程朱理学的误读,致使不少人对宋代社会观念存有曲解。五代时期的纷争,土地私有制的风行,已使人们的头脑中充满了利欲的观念。就乡村户而言,其意识形态突出地表现为以下三种:1 追末逐利,诚信孝悌的朴素伦理式微;2 富求贵,贫求富心态;3 重鬼神、祭祖,轻法度心理。宋代乡村户中普遍存在的这三种具有代表性的意识形态是宋代经济、社会变动的反映,它具有中国前近代乡村民众意识形态的共性,又鲜明地体现着有宋一代的时代特点。

Study of Village Household Ideology in the Song Dynasty

Elite scholars misresading on the Confucian school of idealist philosophy in the Song Dynasty represented by Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi causes a general misunderstanding of the social conception of the Song Dynasty. Early in the Five Dynasties Period, idea of competition and private ownership of land had been popular so that profit or interest had weighed heavily in people's mind. As far as village household was concerned, its ideology found expressions in three aspects: first, seeking commercial benefits while belittling traditional ethics and morality; second, the poor longing for wealth while the rich, for honor; third, clinging to god worship and ancestor worship while taking law lightly. This prevalent state of mind best reflects the economic and social change at that time. While it shares some similarities with its pervious counterparts, the Song's village household ideology has its own peculiarities.