论宪法中人民主权与基本人权原则的沟通——以哈贝马斯的宪法有效性理论为视角

在宪法原则中，人民主权是逻辑起点，基本人权是终极目标。人民主权表征了国家权力的合法性，基本人权保证了权利的不可侵犯性。但在传统的理论中二者存在着何者优先的张力。哈贝马斯的宪法有效性理论认为，包括宪法在内的法律形成于公民的自我理解，是主体之间商谈的结果，宪法的承受者同时也是法律规则的创造者。宪法中的人权与人民主权原则是同源的，是互为前提、相互证成的；人权使得人民主权的合法行使成为可能，人民主权在法律上的制度化是人权本身的要求。因此，宪法人民主权原则与基本人权原则之间的紧张可以通过宪法的有效性而沟通。

On the Communication of Popular Sovereignty and Basic Human Rights Principle

Among the constitution principles,the popular sovereignty is the logical starting point while the basic human right is the ultimate aim.The popular sovereignty embodies the legitmacy of state power and the basic human right safeguards the inviolation of rights.The Habermas's constitutional effectiveness theory believes that the law including the constitution comes from the understandings of the citizens and it is the result of their communication among the subjects.The human rights of constitution and popular sovereinty argument each other.The human right makes the popular sovereinty legitimate and the the popular sovereinty is the demand of human right.For this reason,the tense relation between the popular sovereinty principle and human right principle can be communicated through the effectiveness of constitution.