民法典编纂视域下的大规模侵权定位

风险社会中泛滥的大规模侵权事件严重侵害了不特定多数人的生命权、健康权、财产权等民事权益,而沿用传统侵权类型的救济模式却抑或由于过错要件、因果关系要件的难以证明,抑或囿于致害者的责任财产不足,难以给予被侵权者妥帖而有效的保护。为了缓解大规模侵权类型在侵权责任体系中的规制缺位导致的救济困境,并于民法典中充分彰显人格权保护的理念,有必要在民法典编纂的进程中将大规模侵权纳入侵权责任体系,进行有别于传统侵权类型的规则设计。

The Positioning of Mass Tort in the Perspective of Civil Codification

The flush incidents of mass tort in the risk society seriously infringe on the civil rights and interests of the unspecified majority,such as the right to life,health,and property rights.However,it is hard to give appropriate and effective protection to the victims of mass tort by the traditional remedies due to the difficulty of the proof of the fault element or causality as well as the insufficiency of responsibility property.In order to alleviate the relief dilemma caused by the lack of the type of mass tort in the tort liability system,and demonstrate the concept of the protection of personality right fully in the civil code,it is necessary to incorporate mass tort into the tort liability system in the process of codification of the Civil Code,and then make a rule construction different from the traditional type of torts.