论我国银行业审慎监管强制措施的法律属性及其立法完善

我国银行业审慎监管强制措施的立法坐标可定位于《银行业监督管理法》第37条。金融法属性上,其属预防型风险监管工具,旨在纠错,具有一定的负外部性;行政法属性上,其属行政命令,带有一定的强制性,但并不适用《行政强制法》。银行业审慎监管强制措施的现行立法存在适用前提模糊、实施程序粗略、内容较为内向封闭等问题。境内外相关立法既注重类似措施的内容开放度,又强化对类似措施的实施监督,较好地实现了灵活性与制约性的平衡。我国应基于银行业审慎监管强制措施的双重法律属性,从细化扩展适用条件、提升内容延展度与科学性、明确具体实施程序、完善监督救济机制等方面入手推动我国相关立法的完善。

Research on the Legal Attributes and Legislation Suggestions of Banking Prudential Regulative Measures in China

The legislative coordinates of prudential regulative measures in China’s banking industry can be located in Article 37 of the Banking Regulation Law.In the nature of financial law,it is a preventive risk supervision tool designed to correct errors and has certain negative externalities;in the administrative law attribute,it is an administrative order with certain compulsoriness,and the Administrative Enforcement Law is not applicable.The above-mentioned legislation has problems such as vague application premises,rough implementation procedures,and relatively inward closed measures.Relevant domestic and overseas legislation not only focuses on the openness of the content of the similar measures,but also strengthens the implementation of supervision on the similar measures to better achieve a balance between flexibility and restrictiveness.Based on the dual legal attributes of prudential regulative measures in banking industry,we should promote the improvement of China’s relevant legislation by refining and extending the applicable conditions,improving the degree of extension and scientificity of the measures,clarifying specific implementation procedures,and improving the supervision and relief mechanism.